This is a good one, folks!
Has the Higgs Boson (The 'God Particle') finally been discovered?
One of the biggest debuts in the science world could happen in a matter of weeks: The Higgs boson may finally, really have been discovered. Ever since tantalizing hints of the Higgs turned up in December at the Large Hadron Collider, scientists there have been busily analyzing the results of their energetic particle collisions to further refine their search. “The bottom line though is now clear: There’s something there which looks like a Higgs is supposed to look,” wrote mathematician Peter Woit on his blog, Not Even Wrong. According to Woit, there are rumors of new data that would be the most compelling evidence yet for the long-sought Higgs. The possible news has a number of physics bloggers speculating that LHC scientists will announce the discovery of the Higgs during the International Conference on High Energy Physics, which takes place in Melbourne, Australia, July 4 to 11.
The new buzz is just the latest in the Higgs search drama. In December, rumors circulated regarding hints of the Higgs around 125 gigaelectronvolts (GeV), roughly 125 times the mass of a proton. While those rumors eventually turned out to be true, the hard data only amounted to what scientists call a 3-sigma signal, meaning that there is a 0.13 percent probability that the events happened by chance. This is the level at which particle physicists will only say they have “evidence” for a particle. In the rigorous world of high-energy physics, researchers wait to see a 5-sigma signal, which has only a 0.000028 percent probability of happening by chance, before claiming a “discovery.” The latest Higgs rumors suggest nearly-there 4-sigma signals are turning up at both of the two separate LHC experiments that are hunting for the particle. As physicist Philip Gibbs points out on his blog, Vixra log, if each experiment is seeing a 4-sigma signal, then this is almost definitely the long-sought particle. Combining the two 4-sigma results should be enough to clear that 5-sigma hurdle.
Of course, Gibbs reminds us that the rumors come with some caveats, such as the fact that they are vague and not completely reliable. Scientists outside the experiment also don’t yet know how much data has been analyzed from this year, meaning that the rumored results could disappear with further scrutiny.
The Higgs boson is the final piece of the Standard Model — a framework developed in the late 20th century that describes the interactions of all known subatomic particles and forces. The Standard Model contains many other particles — such as quarks and W bosons — each of which has been found in the last four decades using enormous particle colliders, but the Higgs remains to be found. The Higgs boson is critical to the Standard Model, because interacting with the Higgs is what gives all the other particles their mass. Not finding it would severely undermine our current understanding of the universe.
While discovery of the Higgs would be a remarkable achievement, many researchers are also eager to hear the details from the experiments, which may indicate that the Higgs boson has slightly different properties than those theoretically predicted. Any deviations from theory could suggest the existence of heretofore-unknown physics beyond the Standard Model, including models such as supersymmetry, which posits a heavier partner to all known particles.
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Source: LINK
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But when you're out there partying, horsing around, someone out there at the same time is working hard.
Someone is getting smarter and someone is winning.
Just remember that.
From the 'National Post'
By Richard Ingham
A graphic provided by European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) shows traces of two high-energy photons measured in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience. US-based physicists reported on July 3, 2012 finding strong hints of the Higgs boson, the elusive "God particle" believed to give objects mass, but said European data is needed to confirm any potential discovery.
Physicists on Wednesday will make an announcement that may solve a decades-old puzzle about the nature of matter, declaring they have all but proven that the “God particle” exists.
Researchers at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, or CERN, say that they have compiled vast amounts of data that show the footprint and shadow of the particle, even though it has never actually been glimpsed.If they can confirm the existence of the Higgs boson, the last missing piece in the standard model of physics, the announcement would rank among the most important scientific breakthroughs of the last century.
It is there they will unveil the latest data in their search for the elusive sub-atomic particle that is believed to confer mass.
The Higgs has confounded scientists since 1964, when British physicist Peter Higgs helped lay the conceptual foundation for it.
If it exists, it would vindicate the so-called Standard Model of physics, which identifies the building blocks for matter and the particles that convey fundamental forces.
On the eve of the announcement, rumours flew about what CERN had in store. On Twitter, a conversational thread was called “Higgsteria,” and managed to fuel speculation and quash it at the same time.
“Whether or not the Higgs has been found, tomorrow will be exciting,” Professor Sir Peter Knight, president of Britain’s Institute of Physics said.
“If the Standard Model is confirmed via the discovery of the Higgs boson or whether we need to abandon and start re-writing the textbooks, it’s a historical day in science that we should all be proud of.”
A graphic showing traces of collision of particles at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience is pictured with a slow speed experience at Universe of Particles exhibition of the the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
A big question concerns the degree of probability to make a claim.
CERN physicists have said they will not make an announcement until they have proof — from two laboratories working independently at the mighty Large Hadron Collider (LHC) — that the risk of a statistical fluke is vanishingly small.
In scientific parlance, the goal is “five sigma,” meaning that there is just a 0.00006 percent chance that what the two laboratories found is a mathematical quirk.
In a news report, the British science journal Nature said CERN will announce that the two labs saw signals of a new particle with a probability of between 4.5 and five sigma.
But CERN will stop short of calling it the Higgs until more is known about what the particle does, Nature said.
“Crucially, they will want to know whether it behaves like a mass-giving Higgs, and more specifically whether it behaves like the Higgs predicted in the Standard Model,” the journal said.
Last week, CERN boss Rolf Heuer cautioned about the need for verification.
Graphic presenting traces of proton-proton collision measured in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience.
“It’s a bit like spotting a familiar face from far. Sometimes you need closer inspection to find out whether it’s really your best friend, or your best friend’s twin.”
Because the Higgs cannot be seen, its existence — or not — has to be inferred.
This is done by smashing protons together in an underground tunnel, providing a tiny but fierce collision that causes sub-atomic debris to fly into detectors built into the 360-degree walls of a car-sized lab.
The trick then is to sift through the signals from this smashup and look for a pattern that points to the Higgs.
The boson has been so slippery because it is believed to decay almost instantly after it interacts with other particles to endow them with mass.
Over the years, tens of thousands of physicists have been thrown into the search for the Higgs, and billions of dollars spent on colliders.
A wall painting by artist Josef Kristofoletti is seen at the Atlas experiment site at the European Center for Nuclear Research, CERN, outside Geneva, Switzerland. The painting shows how a Higgs boson may look. Scientists at CERN plan to make an announcement on Wednesday, July 4, 2012 about their hunt for the elusive sub-atomic particle.
A U.S. machine, the Tevatron, came agonisingly close before it was mothballed in 2011 after 26 years of operations.
Its vanguard role was supplanted by the far bigger LHC, a behemoth that comprises four labs dotted around a ring-shaped tunnel, 27 kilometres (16.9 miles) long, straddling the Franco-Swiss border.
In a presentation on Monday of data that was analysed after the closure, physicists at Fermilab said they had strong hints that the Higgs exists, but the signal was 2.9 sigma, which falls short of the five-sigma threshold.
According to Nature, the signature occurred at a mass of around 125 gigaelectronvolts, when a Higgs-like particle decayed into two photons, or particles of light.
The Tevatron and the LHC carried out exhaustive experiments to narrow down the mass field and to identify potential Higgs patterns, a task “much worse than (seeking) a needle in a haystack,” Fermilab physicist Joe Lykken said.
A woman stands behind a layers of the world's largest superconducting solenoid magnet (CMS), one of the experiments preparing to take data at European Organization for Nuclear research (CERN)'s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) particule accelerator near Geneva.
Why is it called the Higgs boson?
The name comes from a British physicist, Peter Higgs, who conceived of a field of mass-confering particles while walking in Scotland’s Cairngorm Mountains in 1964.
Important theoretical work was also done by Belgian physicists Robert Brout and Francois Englert.
Bosons are non-matter particles which are force carriers, or messengers that act between matter particles.
The interaction gives rise to three fundamental forces — the strong force, the weak force and the electromagnatic force. There is a fourth force, gravity, which is suspected to be caused by a still-to-be found boson named the graviton.
This file picture provided by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) shows a large dipole magnet symbolically lowered into the tunnel in Geneva, to mark the end of a crucial phase of installation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
How has the Higgs been hunted?
The quest to prove, or disprove, the Higgs has been carried out at particle colliders: giant machines that smash protons together and sift through the sub-atomic debris that tumbles out.
The big daddy of these is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), operated by the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) in a ring-shaped tunnel deep underground near Geneva.
Smashups generated at the LHC briefly generate temperatures 100,000 times hotter than the Sun, replicating the conditions that occurred just after the Universe’s creation in the “Big Bang” nearly 14 billion years ago.
But these concentrations of energy, while violent, occur only at a tiny scale.
Evidence to support the existence of the Higgs is indirect.
In the same way that we can cannot see the wind, we infer its existence and strength from leaves or flags or other objects that it moves.
Why ‘The God particle’?
The Higgs has become known as the “God particle,” the quip being that, like God, it is everywhere but hard to find.
In fact, the origin of the name is rather less poetic.
It comes from the title of a book by Nobel physicist Leon Lederman whose draft title was “The Goddamn Particle,” to describe the frustrations of trying to nail the Higgs.
The title was cut back to “The God Particle” by his publisher, apparently fearful that “Goddamn” could be offensive.
There looking for after affects of the higgs boson because it appears and dissapers so fast that it breaks down into other particles in a fraction of a second but its still very interesting...
Hope this makes sence Lol.![]()
From the National Post
Former CERN director general Christopher Llewelyn-Smith, standing left, Lyn Evans, scientific director, standing second left, Herwig Schopper, standing center, Luciano Maiani, standing second right, and Robert Aymard, standing right, wave after the presentation of results during a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland. The head of the world's biggest atom smasher is claiming discovery of a new particle that he says is consistent with the long-sought Higgs boson known popularly as the "God particle" which is believed to give all matter in the universe size and shape.
Stereotypes of scientists as stern-faced and emotionless were tossed aside on Wednesday when physicists reacted with joy and tears to CERN's announcement about the Higgs boson.
“I never expected this to happen in my lifetime and shall be asking my family to put some champagne in the fridge” — Peter Higgs, for whom the boson was named following his 1964 paper on the topic
Rousing cheers and a standing ovation erupted at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) after scientists presented astonishing new data in their search for the mysterious particle.After a quest spanning nearly half a century, physicists said they had found a new sub-atomic particle consistent with the elusive Higgs which is believed to confer mass.
Many hailed it as a moment in history, and white-haired veterans of the quest shed tears of joy.
An undated handout graphic shows a representation with a zoom effect of traces of traces of a proton-proton collision measured in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience in the search for the Higgs boson.
The new find is “consistent with (the) long-sought Higgs boson,” CERN declared in a statement.
“We have reached a milestone in our understanding of nature,” said CERN Director General Rolf Heuer.
He and others cautioned, though, that further work was needed to identify what exactly had been found.
“As a layman I would say we have it, but as a scientist I have to say, ’what do we have?’” Heuer told a press conference.
“We have discovered a boson, and now we have to determine what kind of boson it is.”
British physicist Peter Higgs arrives for a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.
Peter Higgs, a shy, soft-spoken British physicist who in 1964 published the conceptual groundwork for the particle and whose name became associated with it, expressed delight.
“I never expected this to happen in my lifetime and shall be asking my family to put some champagne in the fridge,” the 83-year-old said in a statement.
Higgs sat next to Belgian physicist Francois Englert, 79, who separately contributed to the theory.
“I just want to say that my thoughts go to Robert Brout,” said Englert, his eyes moist with tears, as he lauded a fellow pioneer who died in 2011 before the once-outlandish theory could be proved.
Finding the Higgs would validate the Standard Model, a theory which identifies the building blocks for matter and the particles that convey fundamental forces.
Rolf Heuer, CERN Director General, second right, Fabiola Gianotti, ATLAS experiment spokesperson, left, and Joe Incandela, CMS experiment look at a screen during a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.
It is a hugely successful theory but has several gaps, the biggest of which is why some particles have mass but others do not.
Mooted by Higgs and several others, the boson is believed to exist in a treacly, invisible, ubiquitous field created by the Big Bang some 13.7 billion years ago.
When some particles encounter the Higgs, they slow down and acquire mass, according to the theory. Others, such as particles of light, encounter no obstacle.
CERN uses a giant underground laboratory where protons are smashed together at nearly the speed of light, yielding sub-atomic debris that is then scrutinised for signs of the fleeting Higgs.
The task is arduous because there are trillions of signals, occurring among particles at different ranges of mass. The Higgs has been dubbed the “God particle” because it is powerful and ubiquitous yet so hard to find.
Over the years, tens of thousands of physicists and billions of dollars have been thrown into the search,
gradually narrowing down the mass range where it might exist.
Two CERN laboratories, working independently of each other to avoid bias, found the new particle in the mass region of around 125-126 Gigaelectronvolts (GeV), according to data they presented on Wednesday.
An undated handout graphic shows a representation of traces of traces of a proton-proton collision measured in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience in the search for the Higgs boson.
Both said that the results were “five sigma,” meaning there was just a 0.00006 percent chance that what the two laboratories found is a mathematical quirk.
“The results are preliminary but the five sigma signal at around 125 GeV we’re seeing is dramatic,” said Joe Incandela, spokesman for one of the two experiments.
“This is indeed a new particle. We know it must be a boson and it’s the heaviest boson ever found. The implications are very significant and it is precisely for this reason that we must be extremely diligent in all of our
studies and cross-checks.”
At a particle-physics conference in Melbourne, Australia, a participant said there was a “jaw-dropping” moment when the scientists reacted to the announcement.
British physicist Peter Higgs arrives for a scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.
History was then feted with beer and champagne.
Scientists began to pore over what the find could mean.
“(The Higgs) has been anticipated for more than four decades and were it not there theorists all over the world would have been back to their drawing boards in desperation,” said Anthony Thomas at the University of Adelaide in Australia.
CERN physicist Yves Sirois agreed.
“This could the Higgs boson that has been found, which may shed light on how matter came into being at the very start of the Universe, a thousandth of a billionth of a second after the Big Bang,” he told AFP.
“It may be the Higgs boson, but it may also be something far bigger, which opens the door towards a new theory that goes beyond the Standard Model.”
Belgian physicist Francois Englert, left, and British physicist Peter Higgs answers journalist's question about the scientific seminar to deliver the latest update in the search for the Higgs boson at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Meyrin near Geneva, Switzerland.
FILE - In this May 31, 2007 file photo, a view of the LHC (large hadron collider) in its tunnel at CERN (European particle physics laboratory) is photographed, near Geneva, Switzerland.
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Edit: Some paragraphs and images have been deleted from the article due to the size of the original article being too large to be posted. See the original article on the National Post for the full-version.
Yeah, I read about this in the paper... I find it odd that this is coming from people who apparently don't wear ties.![]()